Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3307-3323

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-21

 

Carbon Quantum Dots Coupled Au Nanoparticle as Fluorescence-Based DNA Biosensors for Dengue Virus Detection

(Titik Kuantum Karbon Digandingkan Au Nanozarah Berasaskan Pendarfluor Biosensor DNA untuk Pengesanan Virus Denggi)

 

YAKUBU NEWMAN MONDAY1,4, JAAFAR ABDULLAH1,2,*, NOR AZAH YUSOF1,2, SURAYA ABDUL RASHID2, RAFIDAH HANIM SHUEB3 & HAMIDAH SIDEK5

 

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Lokoja, P.M.B 1154, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

5Industrial Centre of Innovation in Sensor, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section 2, P.O. Box 7035, 40700 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 9 Ogos 2023/Diterima: 1 Disember 2023

 

Abstract

This study introduces a novel DNA biosensor probe comprising carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from palm kernel shell biomass and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized via the citrate reduction method. The CQDs were doped with ethylenediamine using a hydrothermal process employing a one-pot synthesis method in an autoclave batch reactor. The resulting CQDs exhibited exceptional photoluminescent (PL) properties, with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 430 nm. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed the average particle sizes of the CQDs and AuNPs to be 2 nm and 15 nm, respectively. Carboxylic acid-modified CQDs were coupled to amine-modified ssDNA (PA) to construct the biosensor through the amine coupling technique. The AuNPs were modified through thiol coupling with Rhodamine B, L-cysteine, and thiol-modified ssDNA (PT). Both PA and PT probes were designed to complement the DEN-3 virus oligonucleotide. CQDs acted as fluorophores and energy donors in the biosensor, while the AuNPs functioned as nanoquenchers of fluorophores and energy acceptors. The resulting probe pair, CQDs-PA, and AuNPs-PT demonstrated remarkable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and exhibited fluorescence turn-on upon titration with DEN-3. The biosensor displayed excellent sensitivity with a logarithmic calibration equation of 5.22LogC + 20.79 (R2 = 0.979), covering a linear range of 0.001 nM to 100 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.57 ± 0.71 nM. This innovative DNA biosensor, incorporating CQDs and AuNPs, holds promising potential for sensitive and specific detection of the DEN-3 virus.

 

Keywords: Carbon quantum dots; dopants; FRET; palm kernel shell; quantum yield

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini memperkenalkan prob biosensor DNA baharu yang terdiri daripada titik kuantum karbon (CQD) yang diperoleh daripada biojisim tempurung isirong sawit dan nanozarah emas (AuNPs) yang disintesis melalui kaedah penurunan sitrat. CQD telah didop dengan etilenadiamina menggunakan proses hidroterma kaedah sintesis satu periuk dalam reaktor kelompok autoklaf. CQD yang terhasil menunjukkan sifat fotoluminesen (PL) yang luar biasa, dengan panjang gelombang pengujaan 360 nm dan panjang gelombang pancaran 430 nm. Imej mikroskop elektron penghantaran (TEM) menunjukkan purata saiz zarah CQD dan AuNP masing-masing adalah 2 nm dan 15 nm. CQD yang diubah suai asid karboksilik digabungkan dengan ssDNA (PA) yang diubah suai amina untuk membina biosensor melalui teknik gandingan amina. AuNPs telah diubah suai melalui gandingan tiol dengan Rodamina B, L-cisteina dan ssDNA (PT) yang diubah suai tiol. Kedua-dua prob PA dan PT direka untuk melengkapkan oligonukleotida virus DEN-3. CQD bertindak sebagai fluorofor dan penderma tenaga dalam biosensor manakala AuNP berfungsi sebagai nano-pelindapkejut fluorofor dan penerima tenaga. Pasangan prob yang terhasil, CQDs-PA dan AuNPs-PT menunjukkan pemindahan tenaga resonans Förster (FRET) yang luar biasa dan menunjukkan pendarfluor hidup semasa pentitratan dengan DEN-3. Biosensor memaparkan kepekaan yang sangat baik dengan persamaan penentukuran logaritma 5.22LogC + 20.79 (R2 = 0.979), meliputi julat linear 0.001 nM hingga 100 nM. Had pengesanan (LOD) ditentukan sebagai 1.57 ± 0.71 nM. Biosensor DNA yang inovatif ini menggabungkan CQD dan AuNP, berpotensi untuk pengesanan sensitif dan khusus virus DEN-3.

 

Kata kunci: Dopan; FRET; hasil kuantum; tempurung isirong sawit; titik kuantum karbon

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jafar@upm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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